General Purpose GPU

The General-purpose computing on graphics processing units, or GPGPU is the technical name for your GPU when it's used to do OpenCL or CUDA calculations. Parts of the hardware inside the GPU can be used for rendering graphics, but also to do intricate calculations that would normally be done on the CPU. The speed increase of using the GPGPU comes because it's got several tens to thousands of rendering cores that are simultaneously used to do the calculations with.

A task from a project is split up in little chunks that all the processors in the GPU calculate in parallel.

BOINC 6.4.5 had the first CUDA on Nvidia GPUs.
BOINC 6.10.35 had ATI CAL support.
BOINC 7.0.28 had OpenCL support for AMD/ATI GPUs and Nvidia GPUs.
BOINC 7.0.42 had OpenCL support on Intel HD Graphics 2500 and 4000 GPUs (built into Ivy Bridge iCore type CPUs).
BOINC 7.2.20 had OpenCL support for Intel and AMD CPUs.
BOINC 7.4.9 had OpenCL support for devices other than Intel, Nvidia or AMD GPUs and CPUs (e.g. Android).